Pigeon or Feral Pigeon?

General appearance

Pigeons are recognized globally for their distinctive grayish-blue bodies, round heads, small beaks with a slight downward curve, and short necks. They typically have a shiny, metallic-green patch on the neck and a white rump. These birds also have red-orange to pale-gray eyes, and their bodies often display bands of contrasting colors on the wings and tail.

Male vs female

Male and female pigeons display sexual dimorphism, although it is not very distinct. Males are generally larger and more brightly colored. Their iridescent neck feathers are more vibrant than females'. Their cooing is also louder and more persistent. Unlike males, females display consistent bowing movements during mating displays.

Juvenile

Juvenile pigeons resemble adults but with less luster and uniform greyish-brown plumage. They lack the shiny neck patch and their eyes might lack the red-orange tint typical of adults. Their feather edges are white, giving them a slightly scaled appearance which disappears with age.

Primary habitat

Pigeons are adaptable birds, often found in urban or suburban areas, notably around human settlements. They prefer climates with moderate temperatures.

Additional range

In spite of their preference, pigeons are globally spread and can tolerate a wide range of climates, even showing resilience in harsher environments such as deserts or high altitudes.

Natural diet

Pigeons are granivorous birds, primarily consuming seeds and grains. They feed on wild seeds from grasses, cereals, and other plants. Pigeons also eat small invertebrates like insects, fruits, and occasionally green leafy vegetation for supplementary nutrients. In urban areas, they adapt by feeding on human leftovers and scraps, such as bread, popcorn, and other processed food items available in their environment.

Bird feeders

At bird feeders, pigeons consume a variety of seeds commonly offered, including sunflower seeds, millet, and cracked corn. They are not particularly picky and will eat commercial birdseed mixes. Pigeons also enjoy larger items if available, such as peanuts and pieces of nuts. Due to their adaptable nature, they are frequent visitors at feeders that provide mixtures aimed at generalist bird species.